Skeletal And Muscular System
Overview
Every time you climb a flight of stairs or make a fist, you are relying on a partnership that never gets a rest: a rigid internal frame that will not collapse under your own weight, and muscles that can only ever do one thing to that frame, pull on it. Human Biology asks you to know this partnership at the level of named bones, named joints and named muscles, not just in outline.
This topic covers the axial and appendicular skeleton, the structure of a long bone, how synovial and cartilaginous joints work, the antagonistic pairing of the biceps and triceps, and the dietary and hormonal factors that keep bone and muscle healthy across a lifetime, including what goes wrong in osteoporosis.
Objectives
- Describe the structure and function of the main parts of the skeleton: axial skeleton (vertebral column, ribcage and skull), appendicular skeleton (scapula, clavicle, pelvis and limbs), and the structure of a long bone to include the distribution of spongy bone, compact bone and epiphysis
- Explain the functions of joints using the elbow, shoulder and a cartilaginous intervertebral joint as examples
- Describe the structure of a synovial joint
- Explain the relationship between voluntary muscles and bones to bring about movement illustrated by the biceps and triceps muscles and associated bones in the arm and shoulder
- Understand the dietary factors controlling the healthy development of muscle and bone
- Understand the causes and symptoms of osteoporosis
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Flashcards
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Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Skeletal And Muscular System. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- Which part of the skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column and ribcage? A) Appendicular skeleton B) Axial skeleton C) Pectoral girdle D) Pelvic girdle Answer: B
- In a long bone, which tissue is found at the widened epiphysis and contains red bone marrow? A) Compact bone B) Cartilage C) Spongy bone D) Yellow marrow Answer: C
- When the elbow is bent (flexed), which of these is correct? A) Biceps contracts, triceps contracts B) Biceps relaxes, triceps contracts C) Biceps contracts, triceps relaxes D) Biceps relaxes, triceps relaxes Answer: C
- Which vitamin is required for the small intestine to absorb calcium from food? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin B12 Answer: C
- The shoulder joint allows a wide range of movement, including rotation. What type of joint is it? A) Hinge joint B) Cartilaginous joint C) Ball-and-socket joint D) Fixed joint Answer: C
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Recommended Books
Further learning from open sources
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Textbook section
Divisions of the Skeletal System
Discuss the functions of the skeletal system
"Anatomy and Physiology: Divisions of the Skeletal System" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/7-1-divisions-of-the-skeletal-system. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
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Textbook section
Joints and Skeletal Movement
Classify the different types of joints on the basis of structure
"Biology: Joints and Skeletal Movement" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/38-3-joints-and-skeletal-movement. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Published by other organisations under open licences, credited as they ask. Links open their websites.
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